The columns holding up the pediments between the arches look eroded by time, but according to Yale Art Historian Diana E. E. Kleiner they were created this way back in the 1st century as a design choice by Claudius. Its quite understandable how he thought the world was coming to an end. When Constantine disbanded the Praetorians in the 4th century he claimed the site for his Villa where he lived with his mother, Helen. The actual sarcophagus of Scipio Barbatus, who died in 306 BC, is in the Vatican. By the time the Italian Unification of Rome was completed, Romes population was around 200,000. When they are sworn in each year on May 6, they take the oath in whatever their mother tongue is. Huh? The original Porta Portuensis was close to the Tiber River. The Ghibellines (from the Waiblingen, the ancestral home of the Hohenstraufen Swabians) were mostly land owners near smaller cities. Want to save this page about what is the Vatican to Pinterest? There is no capital of Vatican City as the city is the state itself. A couple of hours into the madness, the road takes a split and diverts to the actual flea market, filled with antiques (real and fake), memorabilia, jewelry, old records and tons of things you just have to buy even though you know theyll end up in a junk drawer when you get home. It was kind of modern art of the 1st century. Discovery Company. This version of the Gate was blown upby the French while they were fighting off theRoman Republic forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The Ponte Regina Margherita will lead you to Piazza del Popolo and the next gate in the wall, the Porta del Popolo, the gate opening into the grand Piazza del Popolo named for the 11th century church of Santa Maria del Popolo that sits up near the gate. In the 4th century it wasknown as the Porta Sancti Silvestri, named after the Pope Sylvester I who was buried in the Catacombs of Priscilla, about 3km from here. If you walk along thevia del Muro Tortoyoull see theretaining wall for an ancient garden (Horti Aciliorum) that predates the Aurelian Wall. Vatican City contains various religious and cultural sites of the Catholic Church but also some facilities that are essential for daily life there are local churches, a grocery, a pharmacy, a post office, a press office, a radio station, banks, and condo buildings, many of which are assigned to the Swiss Guards and their families. If you are referring to the Basilica, there is a wealth of art, but you can visit most of it as a tourist. These days the Monte Caprino is a famous as gay hook-up place. Honorius cried out that it had just eaten out of his hands. As you exit the Porta San Sebastiano, turn right and follow the wall down the Viale di Porta Ardeantina.Its an easy 30 minute walk from the Porta San Sebastiano to the Porta San Paolo along the Viale di Porta Ardeantina. These days its mostly used as a garden for the Basilica. Salt was a major commodity used for everything from spice to preservation of foods. His comments on Trump dominated the news cycle on Thursday. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much Its fun to see which urban renewals were sponsored by which Popes. You can still see remnants of them in Rome. There are some great photos and descriptions of these wall remnants on the websites of Jeff Bondonoand Andrea Pollett. WebThe Last Judgment is generally regarded as one of Michelangelo s greatest masterpieces. The Porta Cornelia, later called the Porta Aurelia and even later called the Porta di San Pietro is long gone. By the 16th century the Porta del Popolo became a major entry point for travelers from the north, so much so that less than 100 years after the Sixtus IV gate was built, Pope Pius IV (Medici) had it redone and enlarged to handle the traffic. This photo is of the gate from the inside of the wall. Vatican City is not a democracy and is not a member of the United Nations. However, the Medici were not Doctors or Pharmacists. There have been as many as 18 Gates, although 4-5 of them were used only for military access. The Latin inscriptions on the attic are dedicationsby Claudius, Vespasian and Titus on how they built and repaired the arch, paying all expenses with their own money. During this time the fortress also In 1974, Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrapped 820 of the AurelianWall along the via Veneto up to the Porta Pinciana. OFlahertys exploits were well known in the Vatican walls, and certainly known to Pius. WebCappella Sistina (Sistine Chapel) The worlds most famous frescoes cover the ceiling and one immense wall of the Sistine Chapel, built for Sixtus IV in 1473- 84. Some of the ancient onelike San Sebastiano and San Paolo kept their saintly names. By the time the gate was completed in 1565, much of the original design was altered. The polypropylene fabric and dacron rope installation lasted 40 days. The bomb failed to detonate. He died in the prison on the island of Ischia in a 1943 allied air raid. You can also see the tunnels dug in by the grave robbers. Adjacent to the Porta San Paolo is the Pyramid of Cestius, the 1st century Mausoleum of Gaius Cestius, the Imperial Banquet Manager/Party Planner to the Emperor Augustus. In 455, Pope Leo I opened the Gates to Genseric and the Vandals in order to reduce the amount of destruction to the city. Some of the Gates have been altered to make room for the modernization of the city. You must show the Swiss Guard your reservation, and you're in! The walls andthe Gate were defended by barely 13,157 soldiers against the fast moving sharp shooting Bersagliere Infantry, the Pride of Piemonte. This was the Gate where, in 536, General Flavius Belisarius entered an exhausted and badly beaten Rome. The Holy See is the entity that governs both the actual territory of Vatican City and the entirety of Roman Catholicism around the world, which includes some 1.2 billion followers. Before entering, youll have to cover back up. The Pope is not considered a king although he is the sovereign ruler of both Vatican City and of the Holy See. However, even if you cant get a good photo, you can see the ancient majesty of this 1st century BC arch. Today there is nothing left of Porta Nomentana. For years afterwards, Romans would yell, Hannibal ad portas (Hannibal is at the gates) whenever things looked bad for the Republic or when parents wanted to scare their children into behaving properly. It was forbidden to build structures or carry weapons in the Pomerium. (It opens in a new window.). The Gate doesnt exist any longer, but thiswas where Alaric and the Visigoths breached the wallon August 24, 410. As I would walk through the museums in hot weather, I saw so many scantily-clad people. Tuvalu, US Protectorates, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City State, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna, Western This section of the wall was rediscovered between 1876-1878 during the construction of the old Termini Train Station. And in Switzerland, there are 4 official languages, and the guards may speak any one or even several of these French, German, Italian, and Romansch. It was restored again in 2004. The Vatican is a bad proxy for Trumps border wall. Free shipping. James Martin, a Catholic priest and editor at large at America magazine. When it was built, the Tomb of the Baker sat a fairly good distance outside of the Servian Wall. Its medieval and Renaissance walls form its boundaries except on the southeast at St. Peters Square (Piazza San Pietro). Thank you for supporting my site! By doing so, the pope gave up all claims to temporal leadership but was given complete authority to oversee religious matters. $8.49. The Donkey Gate is now one of the prettiest gates in Rome. It is not a member of the EU although the official currency is the Euro. This site is filled with historical anecdotes, observations and photos. The wall was breached only once, on July 18, 387 BC, when according to the historian Titus Livy, the Romans, hastily retreating from the Battle of the river Allia, ran back to the city and forgot to lock the gate. ), Some of the more famous buildings inside Vatican City include, , the Apostolic Palace (where the Pope normally lives), the. It is understandable how he thought the Whore of Babylon was Rome itself. Hannibal sat atop Surus, his last remaining war elephant at the gates of Rome, but realizing the walls were too much for him, he turnedback to Carthage toget reinforcements. | romewise, Vatican Museum Tours - How to pick the best one? Porta Salaria did indeed fall to Alaric and his army but many believe the Gate was actually opened to them by some disgruntled Roman slaves. The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) provides the following ranges for "normal" endometrial thickness during: 6. Pope Francis said he thought this was more than he needed, so he resides instead in Casa Santa Marta, another building in Vatican City, just behind Saint Peters Basilica. It was around 40 feet high and had 44 towers, built at the bowshot distance from each other, and three gates. In 1562, Pius IV gave the commission to Michelangelo, but he was already working on the Porta Pia. This is the site where in 1347 the populist leader Cola di Rienzo won his biggest victory against the wealthy Barons of Rome. Then you have the Swiss Guard. Guelphs were loyal to the Pope. The current city is everything within the Vatican walls, but they built the walls 500 years ago. The Turks were already in Hungary and Croatia and making their way to Vienna and Venice. Marmorata is for the marble that was unloaded there in ancient times. It was enlarged to a proper fortified gate in the 5th century under the Emperor Honorius and defended byBelisarius againstthe Ostrogoths in 537. This is especially the case for big events like Easter or Christmas. There is a sign posted explaining to all visitors that they are entering a sacred Pomerium. You will also meet other Rome lovers and experts, too. Does this mean you have to be all bundled up and melting in summer when you visit the Vatican? Saint Peter's cathedra (throne) inside Bernini's monument, Saint Peter's Basilica. In 1559, Pope Pius IV (Medici) was elected as the leader of the Catholic Church. One last interesting anecdote about the Porta Pinciana. Around 262, the gate was dedicated as a triumphal Arch of Gallienus, in honor of the Emperor Gallienus and his wife, Cornelia Salonina. His models of ancient Rome are wonderful. In 1798, the Arsenal was used by Napoleon to store stolen works of art. Moving south, we come to the Porta Latina, the Gate that led to the Basilica of San Giovanni a Porta Latina. At one time Romans would light bondfires by the gate to scare her away. WebThe full circuit ran for 19 km (12 mi) surrounding an area of 13.7 km 2 (5.3 sq mi). After Alaric and the Visigoths came through Porta Salaria in the year 410 they looted the city for 3 days, taking gold, silver and gems. Copyright 2009-2023 by Elyssa Bernard, Romewise.com | All Rights Reserved. In Florence, the major Medici city, youll see 5 balls on many of the shields. It is in fact the entrance to the Hypogeum Columbarium of Pomponio Hylas, a 1st century freedman who used the Columbarium for himself, his wife Pomponia and his family. The best sections are here at the Termini Train station but youll see a few others in the Aventines Piazza Albania or in Largo Magnanapoli near Trajans Market. There are a few rooms filled with prints and models illustrating the commercial importance of the road between Ostia and Rome. There were once 2 smaller arches on either side of the Arch of Gallienus but they were destroyed for building materials in the 15th century. Did you encounter any technical issues? Lumber Wall Thickness. ThePorta Carmentalisgate was hidden by Medieval houses until it was revealed again when Mussolini cleaned the city to give room to the ancient monuments and revealed the ancient gate at the base of the small Monte Caprino. For standard building materials, walls can have an additional thickness of 4-inches for every extra 70-feet in height. Pope Francis said building walls to keep immigrants out is "not Christian", Critics of the Pope point out that Vatican City has walls. Not really. From the Porta Pia walk towards the Castro Pretorio Metro station and follow Viale Castro Pretorio to the Porta Tiburtina.You can see the remains of the Porta Praenestina on via Monzambano just off the Viale Castro Praetorio. As to the more complex questions such as how old is the Vatican and who built it, well need to dive back to Ancient Rome, where it all began. Menstruation: 14 millimeters. I've loved traveling all over the world and learning about and sharing in the local cultures. Visit my page here with complete details for what to pack for Rome for all seasons. The road leading to the gate is called the via 20 Settembre in honor of the date. This makes the total thickness of brick-built cavity walls around 9 and a quarter inches thick, but on top of this, the interior of the room will be plastered or fitted with drywall which will add up to an additional half inch. Wars between these two political factions lasted from the 11th through the 14th centuries. It replaced one of the ancient Gates that led to the Tiber and onto the Ports of Claudius and Trajan. From the Porta Latina, turn right and follow the Wall along the Viale delle Mura Latine. You can purchase your tickets in theMuseo delle Mura of the Porta San Sebastiano ( each) and a guide will be provided. This raised papal chair is also called a cathedra, and its meant to symbolize the power of the Church, not of the pope himself. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease in which the heart muscle becomes thickened (hypertrophied). Many think the name came from a monument to Septiminus Severus. Some were dismantled. Most residents of Vatican City do speak Italian. A view of a Vatican City wall. The entire city of Vatican City encompasses the state itself, so its a state made up of one large city. What is the Vatican interior? There are a few models here of Ancient Ostia and the Ports of Claudius and Trajan. Pope Gregory XIII was right, the Porta Asinaria could have never handled this kind of traffic. In the spirit of giving back, you are free to share and re-publish any of my content. Even if youre not interested in the exhibit, the admission is free and you get to climb around the ancient towers. Shortly after Pope Francis called Donald Trumps plan to build a wall on the U.S.-Mexican border not Christian, the GOP front-runners campaign was ready with a response: Isnt Vatican City, the Catholic Churchs 110-acre sovereign state, surrounded by walls? When the Romans complained he replied, Vae Victis. Woe to the vanquished. It took 3 hours of canon fire to break through the wall. The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, and head of state of Vatican City. Vatican Gardens Facts No One Told You Before. It was rebuilt by the Emperor Augustus around the same time as the Arch of Dolabella. We hope you enjoy it as much as we do. Do you need a passport to visit Vatican City? And so, afterremoving sections of the old Aurelian wall, he rebuilt the area with the new Janiculum Wall. Drusus took the title of Germanicus after conquering the German tribes north of the Rhine. Porta Asinaria was left to decay over the years until the restoration of the 1950s. The older Porta Flaminia, named for the via Flaminia that traveled from Rome to Rimini on the Adriatic coast, was actually about 430 feet from current gate. After the war, the rubble was cleaned up and now both the gate and the Pyramid are stand alone pieces. Others did not. A little further down the road isthe Parco degli Scipioni, a small park with a few swings for children, a walk for dogs and strange looking shed that from first appearance looks like a tool shed. CNN religion analyst the Rev. This wall separated the Imperial Forum from the notorious riffraff of the Suburra, the ancient red light district. The exterior sideof the Porta Settimana marks the beginning of the via Lungara that leads to the Regina Coeli Prison of Rome. In May 1084, the Norman, Robert Guiscard (known as the Weasel) came through the Asinaria Gate with 36,000 Norman troops and defeated Henry IV, rescuing Pope Gregory VII and sacking the city, just because he could. Things got even more confusing when the seat of the Papacy moved from Rome to Avignon, France between 1309 and 1377. In the 9th century the Gate was closed and became known as the Porta Turata (Plugged gate) but it reopened during the reign of Pope Paul V (Borghese). Its not the case. The design and execution of the gate in 1561 went to the then 86 year old Michelangelo Buonarroti. In the late 16th century, Pope Gregory XIII had some of the best architects in the world in Rome. In both size/area and population, Vatican City is the smallest sovereign state in the world. On her left arm is the band that reads Raphael Urbinas (Raphael was from the town of Urbino). But they are there because they were built and extended across multiple centuries. Continue north and cross over the Ponte Regina Margherita, the wife of King Umberto I, the 2nd King of Unified Italy and the namesake of the most famous pizza in the world, the Pizza Margherita. Billy Crystal deadpans Call the Vatican. The main gates of this wall at the Porta Portese and the Porta San Pancrazio. In the 17th, Pope Urban VIII had a new gate built. Want to skip the lineto the Sistine Chapel and marvel at masterpieces from antiquity to Michelangelos legendary frescoes? This one really confused me for a long time. WebIn order to support the raised floor that he had designed, da Sangallo built a series of parallel walls that were almost three feet thick and some seventeen feet apart, connected by barrel vaults. Thats not quite true, though, said several Catholics familiar with the layout at Vatican City. As the legend goes, The Emperor Nero was entombed near a grove of Poplar trees close to the currentPiazza del Popolo. A FIRE at a car wrecking yard sparked fears the Vatican was ablaze after thick black smoke filled the Rome sky. February 26, 2013. Until 1929, the Holy See had both spiritual and secular sovereignty. EPA Clouds of thick, black smoke billowed over the Vatican Thursday following a fire that broke out in a neighboring district, according to reports. Enemies would become friends after a good bowl of stewed snails. Saint Peters Basilica? In a true moment of historical irony, the victorious Drusus Germanicus fell off his horse while subjugating the conquered Germans and died shortly after. The explanation is that the horns of the slugs represented conflict, antagonismand hatred. The pope is head of state of Vatican City, the smallest sovereign nation in the world. The Archwas restored several times in the 1st and 2nd centuries as testified by the dedications still visible over the arch. A 39-foot-tall wall was constructed around Leonine City, an area which included the current Vatican territory. Ravenna the Governing Capital of the empire since402. From Porta Portese well head uptowards the Gianicolo (Janiculum) Hill to the Porta San Pancrazio. In the center there is a large circular pillar, also used for funerary urns of Scipio family members. From here, well take a short 20 minute stroll through the gardens of Romes Villa Borghese Park and end up at our last gate of the tour, the Porta Pinciana. The name Medici is associated with medicine and the balls might represent pills or cupping glasses. CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. The phrase Holy See does not refer to a specific person (Pope or other members of the Curia) or to a geographic area (Vatican City). The inner faade was designed by Gianlorenzo Bernini for Pope Alexander VII (Chigi) for the arrival of Queen Christina of Sweden in 1655. Pin it here! Two sources of water, the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus both ran through this arch. Where is the Vatican located? But not all of the sovereign state is surrounded by walls. John was born in the year 15. The area inside the wall became known as Leonine City. This Pope didnt build them and he certainly didnt build them to keep out poor migrants. Pope Paul III was more concerned with fortifying the walls around the Vatican but he did make a gesture to improve the rest of the city wall, at least till he got the bill. Lucenti was sentenced to 30 years in prison. Theodosius I, the last Emperor to rule both the Eastern and Western parts of the Empire, split the rule after his death in 395. Pope Pius IX (Mastatai-Ferretti) wanted a show of resistance just to establish the historical point that the city was not handed over to the new government. He was taken into a forest and executed. Legend states that Remus was killed by his brother Romulus for carrying weapons through the Pomerium. Ironically, the popes home of Vatican City is surrounded by enormous medieval walls. Like the rest of the wall, the height of the gate wall and towers were doubled at the beginning of the 5th century, However, the gate itself was actually lowered to accommodate a sliding armored door, a new feature at the time. In 1926, Porta Pia was the site of another historic event when the Italian anarchist Gino Lucetti, threw a bomb against the car carrying Il Duce, Benito Mussolini. Thousands of art lovers, writers, poets and painters came through this gate and rented rooms in the Piazza del Popolo or the nearby Piazza di Spagna.As traffic increased in the 19th century, the two side arches were added. Combining comfort and style, here is your checklist for things not to leave at home! Three of them are still standing. Its an accompanied tour. Part of this wall is inside the Vatican Gardens , and part of the wall runs along the Borgo between the basilica and Castel SantAngelo . The via Ostiense museum is open Tuesday Sunday 9am-1pm. But they are there because they were built and extended across multiple centuries, beginning in the 7th century. This is about modesty, not being fancy. 2. One of our favorite movie lines is from Analyze This, when Billy Crystal and Lisa Kudrows characters arrive home to find a large baroque fountain in their front yard, presumably a gift from their mafia boss friend played by Robert De Niro. Three of these are open to the public. We do the Romans a disservice if we heroize them, as much as if we demonise them. In the 3rd century it was incorporated into Aurelians wall in the 3rd century. His design choice might have coincided with his alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximillian I in 1495 to keep France out of Italy. Only when you go inside certain holy sites. Don't know what to pack for Rome? This was a big Catholic success story. The dedication lists the accomplishments of Augustus (Pontifex Maximus, Council for the 12th time, Tribune for the Plebs for the 19th time, imperator for the 13th time) and how he restored the channels of all the aqueducts in 5 BC. The original gate was just a small opening used by farmers on donkeys coming into the city. There were 68 casualties; 49 soldiers from the Italian Unification Army and 19 from the Papal guards. The San Paolo Gate would lead the visitors to the archeological site of ancient Ostia. The Porta San Sebastiano still opens out to the Via Appia Antica, the Queen of Roads that was once filled with funerary monuments and glorious villas. Regardless, I still cant bring myself to dress for the beach when I visit the Vatican Museums. $9.65. That was the good story. Receive the latest Rome news, travel tips, insights and more + a free Rome eBook - Subscribe Today! In the 10th century the old gate was renamed Porta San Valentino due to the close proximity to the Catacombs of Saint Valentine about 20 minutes north on the via Flaminia. If youre arriving to Romes 1930s Termini Train Station, look to the right as you walk out the front of the station into the Piazza dei Cinquecento, the square named for the 500 Italian soldiers who were wiped out by 7,000 Ethiopians at the Battle of Dogali (Eritrea) in 1887. Follow the Viale Castrense and in less than 10 minutes youll arrive to the Porta Asinaria and the Porta San Giovanni. The Porta Esquilina isthe Servian gate that sat at the entrance to the Esquiline Hill. What is the difference between the Holy See, the Vatican, Vatican City, and the Pope? The Columbarium was built and used between 14-54 AD. Thename of the gate was changed to Porta San Sebastiano during the Middle Ages, a tie in to the Catacombs dedicated to Saint Sebastian a couple kilometers down the Appian Way. Among his civic improvements in the city, he commissioned the new Porta Pia, a gate equidistant between the Porta Salaria and the Porta Nomentana. Now that you know, its worth a stop. Around 1537, Pope Paul III (Farnese) called on architect, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger to fortify the walls against an imminent Ottoman attack. It was the second largest amphitheater (next to the coliseum) in Rome. Yes, the Vatican does have walls, and some are quite large. It was Stilicho who raised the defense of the Aurelian Walls and it was Stilicho who kept the peace with the invading Goths. In 1643, Pope Urban VIII (Barberini) built another stretch of fortified walls along the right bank of the Tiber known as the Janiculum Wall. Pope Francis is the current Bishop of Rome and is head of state of Vatican City. The citys food supply was cut off and although the wealthy still had enough, the poor were starving. When the walls of the Vatican have become so thick that the one wearing the Shoes of the Fisherman and carrying Peters key prioritizes the sanctity of ritual over the sanctity of a child then the ritual has not only become meaningless, but blasphemy. Only metal detectors stand between the iconic landmark and the millions of tourists who come to see the historic headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. Their goal was to conquer Rome and replace the Christian Church with Islam. No leader, especially a religious leader, should have the right to question another mans religion or faith, Trump said, calling the Popes remarks disgraceful.. The first mile or so is filled with an endless canopy housewares and knockoff clothing. The forces of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I under the command of Belisarius held the city from the attacking Goths, but onDecember 17, 546, while Belisarius was fighting the Goths outside the walls,Totila and his army of Ostrogoths came through the Porta Asinaria. You do not need to cover up when you visit St. Peters Square, climb Saint Peters dome, or when you walk through most of the Vatican Museums. According to the historian Procopius, one of the royal eunuchs, the poultry tender, informed the Emperor that Roma had perished. In one of the later funerary altars of the Hylas Colombarium is the funerary urn of a woman named Paezusa. Mussolini intended to make Porta San Paolo part of the grand tour of his (Esposizione Universale Roma)expo that never happened. Find out what to wear for every season. You will often find me there, happy to answer your questions / comments! They were added around 1940 when Ettore Muti, hero Aviator of World War I, notorious womanizer and one time Secretary of the Fascist Party used the Porta San Sebastiano as his personal villa. Being constantly at war, he did celebratea long list of victories. You can barely make out one of the towers of the old gate as a part of the foundation in the British Embassy of Rome on via Nomentana. 10 Pcs Thick Antique Brass Coat Hook Wall Door Hanger Hat Bag Robe Alloy Hooks. It is often called the Porta San Lorenzo because of its proximity to the Basilica of San Lorenzo Fuori le Mura (St Lawrence Outside the Walls). There is also the Papal summer residence at Castel Gandolfo, but Pope Francis has not used this so far. PortaSalaria replaced the ancient Porta Collina built by Servius Tillius in the earlier Servian Wall. The Pyramid is open to the public on the 1st and 3rd Saturday of every month at 10:30am. 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Page here with complete details for what to pack for Rome for all seasons is! Three Gates tunnels dug in by the time the Italian Unification Army and 19 from the Porta Sebastiano. Lead the visitors to the archeological site of ancient Ostia ranges for `` normal '' thickness... The war, the gate in the world and learning about and sharing in the 4th century he claimed site... The second largest amphitheater ( next to the currentPiazza del Popolo yard sparked fears the Vatican walls and! ) were mostly land owners near smaller cities BC arch save this page about what is the band reads... Alone pieces the difference between the Holy see, the rubble was cleaned up and melting in when., also used for everything from spice to preservation of foods the dedications visible! Democracy and is not considered a king although he is the smallest sovereign nation in the century... Current Bishop of Rome where Alaric and the balls might represent pills or cupping glasses to make Porta Sebastiano... 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